nginx反向代理配置及优化
2009-05-26
作者:守住每一天
blog:liuyu.blog.51cto.com
bbs:bbs.linuxtone.org
msn:liuyubj520#hotmail.com
email:liuyu105#gmail.com
前言:
     由于服务器apache抗不住目前的并发.加上前端squid配置后,问题依然无法解决.而页面程序大部分是动态.无法使用fastcgi来处理.因此想使用nginx做为反向代理apache.整个配置安装过程很简单.在考虑高并发的情况下,在安装前就做了些优化.目前配置能抗住3000以上并发.好像不是特别大哦?呵~~ 但足以~~ 只是还有少量499问题..期待有人跟我讨论解决
  
第1部分:安装
1 建立用户及组
/usr/sbin/groupadd www

/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
2 安装pcre 让nginx支持rewrite 方便以后所需
wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.8.tar.gz

tar zxvf pcre-7.8.tar.gz

cd pcre-7.8/

./configure

make && make install
3 安装nginx
wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.58.tar.gz

tar zxvf nginx-0.7.58.tar.gz

cd nginx-0.7.58/

./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-cc-opt='-O2' --with-cpu-opt=opteron

make && make install
#注意上文中的--with-cc-opt='-O2' --with-cpu-opt=opteron 这是编译器优化,目前最常用的是-02 而不是3.后面对应CPU的型号,可参照:http://wiki.gentoo.tw/index.php/HOWTO_CFLAG
第2部分:配置及优化配置文件
1 nginx.conf 配置文件:
user    www www;

worker_processes 4;


# [ debug | info | notice | warn | error | crit ]

error_log    /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log    crit;

pid                /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.

worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;

events

{

         use epoll;

         worker_connections 51200;

}


http

{

         include             mime.types;

         default_type    application/octet-stream;

         source_charset GB2312;

         server_names_hash_bucket_size 256;

         client_header_buffer_size 256k;

         large_client_header_buffers 4 256k;


         #size limits

         client_max_body_size             50m;

         client_body_buffer_size        256k;

         client_header_timeout     3m;

         client_body_timeout 3m;

         send_timeout             3m;

#参数都有所调整.目的是解决代理过程中出现的一些502 499错误     

         sendfile on;

         tcp_nopush         on;

         keepalive_timeout 120; #参数加大,以解决做代理时502错误

         tcp_nodelay on;

        

         include                    vhosts/upstream.conf;

         include                    vhosts/bbs.linuxtone.conf; 


}
2 upstream.conf 配置文件(这也是做负载的配置方法)
upstream.conf

            upstream bbs.linuxtone.com {

                 server 192.168.1.4:8099;

             }
3 站点配置文件
bbs.linuxtone.conf

server

     {

            listen             80;

            server_name    bbs.linuxtone.conf;

            charset GB2312;

            index index.html index.htm;

            root    /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/;


                location ~ ^/NginxStatus/ {

                        stub_status on;

                        access_log off;

                 }


         location / {

             root    /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/;

             proxy_redirect off ;

             proxy_set_header Host $host;

             proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

             proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;

             proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

             client_max_body_size 50m;

             client_body_buffer_size 256k;

             proxy_connect_timeout 30;

             proxy_send_timeout 30;

             proxy_read_timeout 60;

             proxy_buffer_size 256k;

             proxy_buffers 4 256k;

             proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;

             proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k;

             proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;

             proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;

             proxy_pass    http://bbs.linuxtone.com;

            }
#参数都有所调整.目的是解决代理过程中出现的一些502 499错误    
#Add expires header for static content

     location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf)$ {

         if (-f $request_filename) {

             root /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/;

             expires            1d;

             break;

            }

     }


         log_format    access    '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

                                                 '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

                                                 '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';

        access_log    /exp/nginxlogs/bbs.linuxtone_access.log    access;

    

}
注:第二种代理方式 
nginx 处理下图片,html等静态的东西.其它动态由apache处理.因此apache也需要做一些参数调整.
设置图片等过期时间.缓解请求.
如果源与nginx在同一台机器建议使用如下方法:
                 location / {

                            proxy_pass    http://192.168.1.4:8099/;

                            proxy_redirect default ;

                 }
针对不同的目录进行代理把下面的配置放到根目录代理的上面
                location /linuxtone/ {

                            proxy_pass    http://192.168.1.4:8099/linuxtone/;

                            proxy_redirect default ;

                 }
4 源配置
<VirtualHost 192.168.1.4:8099>

        ServerAdmin liuyu105#gmail.com

        DocumentRoot /date/wwwroot/linuxtone

        ServerName bbs.linuxtone.com

        ErrorLog logs/linuxtone_error_log

     CustomLog "|/usr/local/sbin/cronolog logs/linuxtone_access_log.%Y%m%d" combined

</VirtualHost>
 
第3部分:源的优化
1 apache-mpm.conf
<IfModule mpm_prefork_module>

        StartServers                    15

        MinSpareServers             15

        MaxSpareServers            30

        ServerLimit                 2536

        MaxClients                    2048

        MaxRequestsPerChild     1500

</IfModule>
2 apache-keepalive
Timeout 120   #与nginx的保持一至
KeepAlive On
MaxKeepAliveRequests 400
KeepAliveTimeout 7
第4部分:PHP的优化
优化一:将PHP由之前的xcache换成eaccelerator
1 安装
wget http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.5.3/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2

tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2

cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php5/bin/php-config

make

make install
注:PHP路径以安装为准!
2 配置
sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\n#' /etc/php.ini

sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /etc/php.ini

sed -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g" /etc/php.ini
配置eAccelerator加速PHP：
mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
vi /etc/php.ini
按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：
[eaccelerator]

zend_extension="/usr/local/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"

eaccelerator.shm_size="128"

eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"

eaccelerator.enable="1"

eaccelerator.optimizer="1"

eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"

eaccelerator.debug="0"

eaccelerator.filter=""

eaccelerator.shm_max="0"

eaccelerator.shm_ttl="300"

eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="120"

eaccelerator.shm_only="0"

eaccelerator.compress="1"

eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
优化二:联系开发重新编译php减少php的模块.以减少php进程所占用内存数.这块尽管影响不大,但也有一定的作用.编译前也可以参照nginx的编译器优化方式安装.
第5部分:测试并启动nginx
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
第6部分:nginx日志切割脚本
#!/bin/bash

# This script run at 00:00


# The Nginx logs path

logs_path="/exp/nginxlogs/"


mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/

mv ${logs_path}bbs.linuxtone_access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/bbs.linuxtone_access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log

kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
crontab -e 
00 00 * * * /bin/bash    /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
本文转自守住每一天51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/liuyu/166381，如需转载请自行联系原作者